commit 3c6fee1f3ff6a81f9703703a4f983f3e98d9c7c0 parent 50d28d8749fdb6f30760e1bbecbed6bf1b368ea1 Author: Hugo Soucy <hugo@soucy.cc> Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2022 19:28:58 -0500 Add new contents Diffstat:
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diff --git a/content/2022/mp/echap.lua b/content/2022/mp/echap.lua @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +return { + title = "Echap - Association de lutte contre les cyberviolences sexistes", + url = "https://echap.eu.org/", + date = "2022-09-19", + datetime = "19:30:50", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","abus technologiques" } +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/echap.md b/content/2022/mp/echap.md @@ -0,0 +1,13 @@ +<https://echap.eu.org/> + +> Nous sommes un collectif hacker-féministe qui lutte contre +> l’utilisation de la technologie dans les violences sexistes et +> sexuelles. Créée en 2020, Echap s’est constituée en association loi +> 1901 afin d’apporter des ressources et du soutien aux associations +> luttant contre les violences faites aux femmes et aux minorités de +> genre. + +> Nous produisons et maintenons à jour des guides de sécurité et +> confidentialité sur la protection de comptes en ligne, d’appareils +> électroniques ou plus généralement comment se déconnecter d’un +> ex-partenaire. diff --git a/content/2022/mp/fracture-numerique.lua b/content/2022/mp/fracture-numerique.lua @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +return { + title = "De l’exclusion à la fracture : les laissé.es-pour-compte du virage numérique", + url = "https://mepacq.qc.ca/tool/de-lexclusion-a-la-fracture-les-laisse-es-pour-compte-du-virage-numerique/", + date = "2022-09-20", + datetime = "19:48:11", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","accessibilité web","info", } +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/fracture-numerique.md b/content/2022/mp/fracture-numerique.md @@ -0,0 +1,18 @@ +<https://mepacq.qc.ca/tool/de-lexclusion-a-la-fracture-les-laisse-es-pour-compte-du-virage-numerique/> + +> Au cours des dernières années, avoir accès à internet est devenu +> essentiel. Nous en avons besoin pour travailler, nous informer, +> magasiner, obtenir des services, ou rester en contact avec nos +> proches. +> +> Cette tendance menace cependant de creuser les inégalités entre les +> personnes qui ont facilement accès au web et celles qui y ont plus +> difficilement accès. C’est ce qu’on appelle **la fracture +> numérique**. +> +> Ce document se veut un outil pratique pour aider à comprendre ce +> qu’est la fracture numérique et pourquoi c’est important de +> revendiquer l’inclusion numérique. + +[De l’exclusion à la fracture : les laissé.es-pour-compte du virage +numérique](/pst/fracture-numerique.pdf) (PDF 4.2 Mo). diff --git a/content/2022/mp/imagining-a-solarpowered-internet-kris-de-decker-low–tech-magazine.lua b/content/2022/mp/imagining-a-solarpowered-internet-kris-de-decker-low–tech-magazine.lua @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +return { + title = "Imagining a Solar-Powered Internet: Kris De Decker Low–Tech Magazine", + url = "https://walkerart.org/magazine/low-tech-magazine-kris-de-decker", + date = "2022-09-18", + datetime = "19:55:45", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","écologie" }, + summary = [[ <https://walkerart.org/magazine/low-tech-magazine-kris-de-decker> ]] +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/imagining-a-solarpowered-internet-kris-de-decker-low–tech-magazine.md b/content/2022/mp/imagining-a-solarpowered-internet-kris-de-decker-low–tech-magazine.md @@ -0,0 +1,99 @@ +<https://walkerart.org/magazine/low-tech-magazine-kris-de-decker> + +> The average internet/bandwidth speed in 2007 was approximately 3.5 +> mbps. +> +> [...] +> +> Internet speeds today are five times faster, leading to increased +> bandwidth usage, which consequently increases energy consumption. +> +> [...] +> +> +> **So if you innovate and the result is some technology that increases +> energy use by a factor of 20, then maybe that innovation is not so +> innovative after all**, and that’s a big thing. What we call +> “innovation” these days usually results in something that uses more +> energy. There’s nothing wrong with innovation, but you can also +> innovate without constantly increasing the energy use, and I think +> that’s where we should be heading to, to take that into account +> also. +> +> [...] +> +> So that’s a bit of what we’re trying to show. It doesn’t mean that +> making it use less energy makes it become less attractive. You can +> do both things at the same time, but it needs a lot of thinking, +> and, yeah, innovation. +> +> [...] +> +> The only difference is that you innovate with the energy use in +> mind, and then you can go a very long way. It’s not constrained just +> to websites, it has to do with many other technologies as well. +> +> [...] +> +> people are confusing energy efficiency with lower energy use or +> energy savings. These are very different things. Something that’s +> extremely visible on the internet is that making everything more +> efficient (like a data center) doesn’t necessarily result in less +> energy use; it just results in more data traffic. +> +> [...] +> +> first thing that needs to happen is that people need to become aware +> of the fact that the internet uses energy. +> +> [...] +> +> That’s, I think, one of the greatest challenges of our time: how are +> we going to find an acceptable way to limit things? Things like the +> internet? +> +> [...] +> +> Wireless traffic through 3G uses 15 times more energy than WiFi, +> while 4G consumes 23 times more. +> +> [...] +> +> in some developing countries, internet networks are not always +> on. They are indeed intermittent, because they work with solar +> panels. Every internet node has a solar panel, and the data only +> gets from one node to another if there is sun. Your email might take +> three days to arrive, depending on the weather. So you can adapt +> basically anything to an intermittent energy supply. +> +> [...] +> +> It’s not fun to be on the internet anymore, at least not like it +> used to be, in the sense that these days, you open a website, you +> get a cookie warning, then you get some privacy thing that you have +> to click away, then you get the newsletter, then you get the ads in +> your face +> +> [...] +> +> If you want the solution, just look to the past and you will find +> it. And indeed, even if the history of web design is much shorter +> than all the other technologies, again, this grew old in the sense +> that you just look back 20 years, and you find a solution in the +> static website. Like with many other things, you can improve it +> because now we have the static site generators which makes the use +> of the static websites easier. We just have to go back to the basics +> of web design and see where we come from, and then it becomes clear +> pretty quickly that all these things we put on top of it are just +> not really necessary. +> +> [...] +> +> Also, it saves a lot of costs that would be associated with +> traffic. I would get in trouble if it were hosted through a company +> because we easily take 40,000 visitors a day on this little blog +> here in my living room. +> +> [...] + +<https://www.humanpowerplant.be/> diff --git a/content/2022/mp/lobsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-mettent-en-peril-lavenir-du-numerique.lua b/content/2022/mp/lobsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-mettent-en-peril-lavenir-du-numerique.lua @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +return { + title = "L'obsolescence des smartphones et la collecte massive de données mettent en péril l'avenir du numérique", + url = "https://basta.media/l-obsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-impact-ecologique-du-numerique", + date = "2022-09-19", + datetime = "19:19:17", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","écologie", }, + summary = [[ +<https://basta.media/l-obsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-impact-ecologique-du-numerique> +]] +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/lobsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-mettent-en-peril-lavenir-du-numerique.md b/content/2022/mp/lobsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-mettent-en-peril-lavenir-du-numerique.md @@ -0,0 +1,70 @@ +<https://basta.media/l-obsolescence-des-smartphones-et-la-collecte-massive-de-donnees-impact-ecologique-du-numerique> + +> [...] +> +> L’augmentation de la consommation d’électricité liée à la +> massification des smartphones ou des box, la pollution minière et +> industrielle générée par la fabrication de nos appareils ou les +> émissions de CO2 du transport de ces derniers pèsent lourdement. C’est +> pour cela que les études sur l’impact écologique du numérique +> rassemblent des dizaines de critères. +> +> Il faut aussi prendre en compte trois strates différentes du +> numérique : les terminaux utilisateurs et objets connectés, soit tous +> les appareils que vous utilisez ; le réseau qui transporte ces +> milliards de données et d’interactions ; et les centres de données qui +> les stockent. +> +> [...] +> +> Fabriquer une télévision, une tablette, un ordinateur ou un smartphone +> constitue la majeure partie des impacts actuels du numérique. +> +> [...] +> +> Très gourmand en eau, en énergie et en ressources non renouvelables, +> notre objet connecté a un impact environnemental avant même qu’il +> arrive entre nos mains. +> +> [...] +> +> Frédéric Bordage de GreenIT.fr : « D’ici une trentaine d’années, on ne +> pourra plus fabriquer de numérique. Au-delà des impacts +> environnementaux, cela devrait déjà nous faire peur car nous sommes +> tous dépendants du numérique. » Un paradoxe alors que les marques +> multiplient les modèles et font de l’obsolescence de leurs produits +> une source de profits. +> +> [...] +> +> +> Il y a plus de 70 matériaux différents dans notre électronique. La +> majorité des appareils sont donc très peu recyclés. +> +> [...] +> +> « En mettant en danger des dizaines de millions d’enfants et de femmes +> en âge de procréer, l’élimination inappropriée des déchets +> d’équipements électriques et électroniques menace la santé et les +> capacités des futures générations », alerte l’Organisation mondiale de +> la santé (OMS). En 2019, le monde a produit près de 54 millions de +> tonnes de déchets électroniques et électriques. En 2030, ce pourraient +> être 74,7 millions de tonnes, toujours selon l’OMS. +> +> [...] +> +> Pour réduire son empreinte écologique, il faudrait les conserver +> beaucoup plus longtemps. +> +> [...] +> +> « Pour avoir un véritable impact, il faudrait garder son smartphone au +> moins 8 ans, notre ordinateur au moins 10 ou 15 ans, nos télévisions +> 20 ans ! » +> +> [...] +> +> Toutes les personnes sensibilisées au logiciel libre font durer +> beaucoup plus longtemps leurs machines +> +> [...] diff --git a/content/2022/mp/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies.lua b/content/2022/mp/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies.lua @@ -0,0 +1,8 @@ +return { + title = "Renoncer aux technologies zombies", + url = "https://polemos-decroissance.org/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies/", + date = "2022-09-19", + datetime = "20:16:41", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","écologie","décroissance", } +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies.md b/content/2022/mp/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +<https://polemos-decroissance.org/renoncer-aux-technologies-zombies/> + +> L’avenir que nous promettent les technologies zombies est un futur +> obsolète, qui est promis à la ruine avant même d’avoir été +> construit. L’un de nos objectifs comme militants doit être de résister +> à l’appel des futurs obsolètes et d’attirer l’attention des décideurs +> sur leur caractère à la fois non durable et aliénant. Il ne suffit pas +> de nous reconnecter avec la nature. Il faut aussi aider celles et ceux +> qui sont empêtré.e.s dans des rapports de dépendance à des +> infrastructures condamnées à s’en extraire. diff --git a/content/2022/mp/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud.lua b/content/2022/mp/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud.lua @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +return { + title = "The Staggering Ecological Impacts of Computation and the Cloud", + url = "https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud/", + date = "2022-09-18", + datetime = "10:54:26", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","écologie", }, + posse = { + mastodon = "https://mastodon.sdf.org/web/@hs0ucy/109020111749596532" + }, + summary = [[ <https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud/> ]] +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud.md b/content/2022/mp/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud.md @@ -0,0 +1,188 @@ +<https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-staggering-ecological-impacts-of-computation-and-the-cloud/> + +> Anthropologist Steven Gonzalez Monserrate draws on five years of +> research and ethnographic fieldwork in server farms to illustrate some +> of the diverse environmental impacts of data storage. +> +> [···] +> +> The words you are reading are a point of entry into an ethereal realm +> that many call the “Cloud.” +> +> [...] +> +> But just as the clouds above us, however formless or ethereal they may +> appear to be, are in fact made of matter, the Cloud of the digital is +> also relentlessly material. +> +> [···] +> +> To get at the matter of the Cloud we must unravel the coils of coaxial +> cables, fiber optic tubes, cellular towers, air conditioners, power +> distribution units, transformers, water pipes, computer servers, and +> more. We must attend to its material flows of electricity, water, air, +> heat, metals, minerals, and rare earth elements that undergird our +> digital lives. In this way, the Cloud is not only material, but is +> also an ecological force. As it continues to expand, its environmental +> impact increases, even as the engineers, technicians, and executives +> behind its infrastructures strive to balance profitability with +> sustainability. +> +> [···] + +## Cloud the Carbonivore ## + +> +> Heat is the waste product of computation, and if left unchecked, it +> becomes a foil to the workings of digital civilization. +> +> [···] +> +> In North America, most data centers draw power from “dirty” +> electricity grids, especially in Virginia’s “data center alley,” the +> site of 70 percent of the world’s internet traffic in 2019. To cool, +> the Cloud burns carbon, what Jeffrey Moro calls an “elemental irony.” +> In most data centers today, cooling accounts for greater than 40 +> percent of electricity usage. +> +> [...] +> +> While some of the most advanced, “hyperscale” data centers, like those +> maintained by Google, Facebook, and Amazon, have pledged to transition +> their sites to carbon-neutral [...] , many of the smaller-scale data +> centers that I observed lack the resources and capital to pursue +> similar sustainability initiatives. +> +> [...] +> +> if the entire Cloud shifted to hyperscale facilities, energy usage +> might drop as much as 25 percent. +> +> [...] + +Mais rendu là, ferions nous face au [Paradoxe de +Jevons](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradoxe_de_Jevons)? + +> the Cloud now has a greater carbon footprint than the airline +> industry. A single data center can consume the equivalent electricity +> of 50,000 homes. At 200 terawatt hours (TWh) annually, data centers +> collectively devour more energy than some nation-states. Today, the +> electricity utilized by data centers accounts for 0.3 percent of +> overall carbon emissions, and if we extend our accounting to include +> networked devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets, the total +> shifts to 2 percent of global carbon emissions. +> +> [...] +> +> In some cases, only 6 to 12 percent of energy consumed is devoted to +> active computational processes. The remainder is allocated to cooling +> and maintaining chains upon chains of redundant fail-safes to prevent +> costly downtime. +> +> [···] + +## Cloud is also quite thirsty ## + +> +> the Cloud is also quite thirsty. Like a pasture, server farms are +> irrigated. +> +> [...] +> +> This shift from cooling air to cooling water is an attempt to reduce +> carbon footprint, but it comes at a cost. Weathering historic drought +> and heat domes, communities in the western United States are +> increasingly strained for water resources. +> +> [...] +> +> some politicians are now openly opposing the construction of data +> centers, framing the centers’ water usage as inessential and +> irresponsible given resource constraints. +> +> [...] +> +> Data centers consume millions of gallons of Arizona water daily. +> +> [...] + +Qu'en est-il de ceux que nous avons au Québec? + +> explosive growth expected in data storage infrastructures over the +> next decade, a tripling by some estimates. +> +> [...] +> +> global temperatures are projected to rise by 2.7◦C by the end of the +> century [...] creating near-ubiquitous conditions of water scarcity by +> 2040 if governments and companies fail to intensify their efforts to +> curb emissions. +> +> [...] + +## The Cloud Is Not Silent ## + +> [...] +> +> Over vast distances, the sonic exhaust of our digital lives +> reverberates: the minute vibrations of hard disks, the rumbling of air +> chillers, the cranking of diesel generators, the mechanical spinning +> of fans. Data centers emit acoustic waste, what environmentalists call +> “noise pollution.” +> +> [...] +> +> The acute and longitudinal physiological effects of industrial noise +> pollution are well-documented to include hearing loss, elevated stress +> hormones like cortisol, hypertension, and insomnia. +> +> [...] +> +> Unlike other industries, data centers are largely self-regulating: +> There is no sweeping federal agency to govern the siting and operation +> of new and existing facilities. +> +> [...] + +## Immortal Waste ## + +> Since the year 2007, when the first smartphone debuted on the +> marketplace, over seven billion devices of the sort have since been +> manufactured. Their lifespans average less than two years, a +> consequence of designed obsolescence and a thirst to profit from +> flashy new features and capabilities. +> +> [...] +> +> Under grueling conditions, miners tirelessly plumb the earth for the +> rare metals required to make information and communications technology +> (ICT) devices. Then, in vast factories like Foxconn located in the +> Global South, where labor can be procured cheaply and legal +> protections for workers are scant, smartphones are assembled and +> shipped out to consumers, only to be discarded in a matter of months, +> to end up in e-waste graveyards like those of Agbogbloshie, +> Ghana. These metals, many of which are toxic and contain radioactive +> elements, take millennia to decay. +> +> [···] +> +> Historian Nathan Ensmenger writes that a single desktop computer +> requires 240 kilograms of fossil fuels, 22 kilograms of chemicals, and +> 1,500 kilograms of water to manufacture. +> +> [...] +> +> Historian Nathan Ensmenger writes that a single desktop computer +> requires 240 kilograms of fossil fuels, 22 kilograms of chemicals, and +> 1,500 kilograms of water to manufacture. +> +> [...] +> +> The ecological dynamics we find ourselves in are not entirely a +> consequence of design limits, but of human practices and choices — +> among individuals, communities, corporations, and governments — +> combined with a deficit of will and imagination to bring about a +> sustainable Cloud. The Cloud is both cultural and technological. Like +> any aspect of culture, the Cloud’s trajectory — and its ecological +> impacts — are not predetermined or unchangeable. Like any aspect of +> culture, they are mutable. diff --git a/content/2022/mp/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet.lua b/content/2022/mp/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet.lua @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +return { + title = "The true environmental cost of the Internet", + url = "https://news.mongabay.com/2021/07/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet-commentary/", + date = "2022-09-18", + datetime = "10:42:15", + posttype = "bookmark", + keywords = { "éthique numérique","écologie", }, + posse = { + mastodon = "https://mastodon.sdf.org/@hs0ucy/109020119039358233" + }, + summary = [[ <https://news.mongabay.com/2021/07/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet-commentary/> ]] +} diff --git a/content/2022/mp/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet.md b/content/2022/mp/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet.md @@ -0,0 +1,72 @@ +<https://news.mongabay.com/2021/07/the-true-environmental-cost-of-the-internet-commentary/> + +> Let’s take a look at one activity, one that occupies even more time of +> our lives than sleeping: the use of internet. +> +> [···] +> +> It is estimated that the internet represents more than 1% of the +> world’s energy consumption, an amount greater than the total +> consumption of several nations combined. This is predicted to grow in +> orders of magnitude over the next decade. +> +> [···] +> +> It is estimated that 80% of the energy it relies on comes from fossil +> fuels. +> +> [···] +> +> Microsoft, Google, Facebook, and Apple all have committed to using +> 100% renewable sources of energy and of offsetting their emissions by +> the end of the decade. +> +> [···] +> +> And the plans of offsetting emissions are often closer to purchasing +> guilt-free PR. +> +> [···] +> +> the use, transmission, and storage of a gigabyte (GB) of information +> represents between 28 to 54 grams of emitted carbon to the atmosphere. +> +> [···] +> +> The impact cannot only be measured in terms of emitted carbon but also +> in the water needed to produce that energy through hydroelectric power +> source. +> +> [···] +> +> the water (through hydroelectric power) required equal the amount of +> water it would take to fill one million Olympic size swimming pools +> per year. +> +> [···] +> +> Now, if we further evaluate that in terms of the space needed to house +> the hard-drive equipment in the “data centers” [···] in sum, +> everything on the web, it adds up to a space that equals the size of +> New York City, Rio de Janeiro and Mexico City combined. +> +> [···] +> +> The number of internet users around the world is about 4.6 billion +> people, i.e. more than half the global population. +> +> [···] +> +> streaming videos at high resolution (HD) requires 7 GB per hour and +> equals close to releasing almost half kilo of carbon to the +> atmosphere. +> +> [···] +> +> “if 70 million streaming subscribers were to lower the video quality +> of their streaming services, there would be a monthly reduction in 3.5 +> million t of CO2, the equivalent of eliminating 1.7 million tons of +> coal, or approximately 6% of the total monthly coal consumption in the +> US”. +> +> [···] diff --git a/content/2022/nt/lenfant-braille.lua b/content/2022/nt/lenfant-braille.lua @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +return { + title = "L'enfant Louis Braille", + date = "2022-09-12", + datetime = "10:17:20", + posttype = "note", + keywords = { "Louis Braille","enfant","école", }, + posse = { + mastodon = "https://mastodon.sdf.org/@hs0ucy/108986090628491101" + } +} diff --git a/content/2022/nt/lenfant-braille.md b/content/2022/nt/lenfant-braille.md @@ -0,0 +1,12 @@ +Louis Braille aurait inventé son système de lecture/écriture à 15 ans +... Ayant commencé vers 12 ans, à travailler dessus 😶. + +Les gens qui s'occupaient de l'école pour aveugles dans laquelle il +était, lui ont interdit de transmettre son invention aux autres +enfants 🤝. + +Évidemment, avec l'aide de ses camarades, il la fait pareille, malgré +ces adultes qui avaient peur du changement ✊. + +Peut-être que notre société de "grandes personnes", n'a pas réponse à +tout? 🧐 diff --git a/content/2022/nt/some-web-superpowers.lua b/content/2022/nt/some-web-superpowers.lua @@ -0,0 +1,7 @@ +return { + title = "Some web superpowers", + date = "2022-09-19", + datetime = "19:48:57", + posttype = "note", + keywords = { "web"," citation", }, +} diff --git a/content/2022/nt/some-web-superpowers.md b/content/2022/nt/some-web-superpowers.md @@ -0,0 +1,9 @@ +Some web superpowers ... + +> "a single html page can be much more easily saved locally and +> exchanged with others" + +> "writing directly in plain (not-machine translated) javascript means +> the code can be modified in-situ without any special build process" +> +> — [Wise words from candle's website](https://kool.tools/blog/low-tech-template.html)